Be Prepared

Almost everyone will need to use a first aid kit at some time. Take the time to prepare a kit to have available for home and travel. First aid kits may be basic or comprehensive. What you need depends on your medical training and how far you are from professional medical help. Ready-made first aid kits are commercially available from chain stores or outdoor retailers. But you can make a simple and inexpensive first aid kit yourself.

Home and Travel First Aid Kits

Home first aid kits are usually used for treating these types of minor traumatic injuries:

• Burns
• Cuts
• Abrasions (scrapes)
• Stings
• Splinters
• Sprains
• Strains

First aid kits for travel need to be more comprehensive because a drug store may or may not be accessible. In addition to personal medical items, the kit should contain items to help alleviate the common symptoms of viral respiratory infections such as these:

• Fever
• Nasal congestion
• Cough
• Sore throat

It should also contain items to treat these ailments:

• Cuts
• Mild pain
• Gastrointestinal problems
• Skin problems
• Allergies

How to Make a First Aid Kit

Try to keep your first aid kit small and simple. Stock it with multi-use items. Almost anything that provides good visibility of contents can be used for a household first aid kit.

• If your kit will be on the move, a water-resistant, drop-proof container is best.

• Inexpensive nylon bags, personal kits, fanny packs, or make-up cases serve very well.
• You do not need to spend a lot of money on a fancy “medical bag.” Use resealable sandwich or oven bags to group and compartmentalize items.
• Put wound supplies in one bag and medications in another.

How to Use a First Aid Kit

Make sure you know how to properly use all of the items in your kit, especially the medications. Train others in your family to use the kit. You may be the one who needs first aid! Pack and use barrier items such as latex gloves to protect you from bodily fluids of others. Check the kit twice a year and replace expired medications. Find out the phone number of your regional poison control center at the American Association of Poison Control Centers Web site and keep the number with your kit.

Where to keep your first aid kit

• The best place to keep your first aid kit is in the kitchen. Most family activities take place here. The bathroom has too much humidity, which shortens the shelf life of items.
• The travel kit is for true trips away from home. Keep it in a suitcase or backpack or drybag, depending on the activity.
• A first aid kit for everyday use in the car should be just like the home first aid kit. For that matter, you could keep similar kits in your boat (inside a waterproof bag), travel trailer, mobile home, camper, cabin, vacation home, and wherever you spend time.

What to Put in Your Household Kit

You can buy all items for your first aid kits at a well-stocked drug store. Ask the pharmacist for help in selecting items.

Home kit:

A household first aid kit should include these items:

• Adhesive tape
• Anesthetic spray (Bactine) or lotion (Calamine, Campho-Phenique) – For itching rashes and insect bites
• 4″ x 4″ sterile gauze pads – For covering and cleaning wounds, as a soft eye patch
• 2″, 3″, and 4″ Ace bandages – For wrapping sprained or strained joints, for wrapping gauze on to wounds, for wrapping on splints
• Adhesive bandages (all sizes)
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) – Oral antihistamine for allergic reactions, itching rashes. Avoid topical antihistamine creams because they may worsen the rash in some people.
• Exam gloves – For infection protection, and can be made into ice packs if filled with water and frozen
• Polysporin antibiotic cream – To apply to simple wounds
• Nonadhesive pads (Telfa) – For covering wounds and burns
• Pocket mask for CPR
• Resealable oven bag – As a container for contaminated articles, can become an ice pack
• Safety pins (large and small) – For splinter removal and for securing triangular bandage sling
• Scissors
• Triangular bandage – As a sling, towel, tourniquet
• Tweezers – For splinter or stinger or tick removal

Food poisoning is a common, usually easygoing, but sometimes deadly illness. Typical symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea that occur suddenly (within 48 hours) after consuming an unhygienic food or drink. Depending on the impurity, fever and chills, bloody stools, dehydration, and nervous system damage may pursue. These symptoms may have an effect on one person or a group of people who ate the same thing (called an epidemic).

Worldwide, diarrheal illnesses are along with the primary causes of death. Travelers to developing countries often come across food poisoning.

Indications of food poisoning

Many cases of food poisoning are not reported because people suffer mild indications and recover quickly. Also, doctors do not test for a cause in every suspected case because it does not change the treatment or the outcome.

The known causes of food poisoning can be divided into two categories: infectious agents and toxic agents.

Infectious agents include viruses, bacteria, and parasites.

Toxic agents include poisonous mushrooms, improperly prepared exotic foods (such as barracuda), or pesticides on fruits and vegetables

Food usually becomes infected from poor hygiene or preparation. Food handlers who do not wash their hands after using the bathroom or have infections themselves often cause infectivity. Improperly packaged food stored at the wrong temperature also promotes infectivity.

Indications of food poisoning rely on the type of toxin and the amount eaten. The indications can develop quickly, within 30 minutes, or slowly, worsening over days to weeks. Usually food poisoning is not serious, and the illness runs its course in 24-48 hours.

What you can do at home

Short periods of vomiting and small amounts of diarrhea lasting less than 24 hours can usually be cared for at home.

Do not eat solid food while nauseous or vomiting but drink plenty of fluids.

Small, frequent sips of clear liquids (those you can see through) are the best way to stay hydrated.

Avoid alcoholic, caffeinated, or sugary drinks.

After successfully bearing fluids, eating should begin slowly, when nausea and vomiting have stopped. Plain foods that are easy on the stomach should be started in small amounts. Consider eating rice, wheat, breads, potatoes, low-sugar cereals, lean meats, and chicken (not fried) to start. Milk can be given safely, while some people may experience additional stomach upset due to lactose intolerance.

Most food poisonings do not oblige the use of over-the-counter medicines to stop diarrhea, but they are generally safe if used as directed. It is not suggested that these medications be given to children. If there is a question or unease, you should always check with a doctor.